Failure analysis is a methodical investigation of failures or malfunctions in materials, products, structures, or processes. It involves examining the root causes of failures to understand why they occurred and to prevent similar failures from happening in the future. This area of research involves identifying the factors that contributed to the failure, such as design flaws, material defects, manufacturing errors, or environmental factors. Failure analysis often involves a combination of engineering principles, material science, and forensic techniques to determine the root cause of the failure. The goal of failure analysis is to improve the reliability and performance of products, structures, or processes by identifying and addressing the underlying issues that led to the failure. This research area has applications in a wide range of industries, including aerospace, automotive, electronics, civil engineering, and manufacturing.